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Copyright (c) 2025 Amal Ayyadah S. Alhazmi, Khloud Mazki Alenazi, Ahmed Ali Ahmed Eshwi, Shaqra Mohammed Mohammed Awaji, Ibrahim Abdullah Al-Zubni, Ahmed Hassan Alrashidi, Rahma Serihan Alharbi, Areej Ali Saleh Shook, Mohammed Hamdan Abdulhadi Alosaimi, Sakinah Naif Alnakhli, Sara Mohammed Mahzari, Sohair Yahya Awam

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Advanced Perioperative Nursing Care and Multidisciplinary Coordination in the Management of Patients With Congenital Heart Disease
Corresponding Author(s) : Amal Ayyadah S. Alhazmi
Saudi Journal of Medicine and Public Health,
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Abstract
Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) encompasses diverse structural and functional cardiac anomalies that significantly impact neonatal and pediatric morbidity and mortality.
Aim: To explore advanced perioperative nursing care and multidisciplinary coordination in managing CHD patients undergoing surgical interventions.
Methods: A comprehensive review of perioperative strategies, including preoperative evaluation, intraoperative monitoring, and postoperative management, was conducted, emphasizing individualized care and team collaboration.
Results: Advances in diagnostic imaging, cardiopulmonary bypass, and minimally invasive techniques have improved surgical outcomes. However, success relies on tailored perioperative planning, vigilant monitoring, and effective interdisciplinary communication. Key challenges include hemodynamic instability, airway management, and postoperative complications such as arrhythmias and pulmonary issues.
Conclusion: Optimal outcomes in CHD surgery require meticulous nursing care, adaptive strategies, and coordinated teamwork to ensure safety and enhance survival.
Keywords
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Liu Y, Chen S, Zühlke L, Black GC, Choy MK, Li N, Keavney BD. Global birth prevalence of congenital heart defects 1970-2017: updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 260 studies. International journal of epidemiology. 2019 Apr 1:48(2):455-463. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyz009.
Divekar AA, Arar YM, Clark S, Tandon A, Zellers TM, Veeram Reddy SR. Transcatheter Device Therapy and the Integration of Advanced Imaging in Congenital Heart Disease. Children (Basel, Switzerland). 2022 Apr 2:9(4):. doi: 10.3390/children9040497.
Attenhofer Jost CH, Schmidt D, Huebler M, Balmer C, Noll G, Caduff R, Greutmann M. Heart transplantation in congenital heart disease: in whom to consider and when? Journal of transplantation. 2013:2013():376027. doi: 10.1155/2013/376027.
Thiene G, Frescura C. Anatomical and pathophysiological classification of congenital heart disease. Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology. 2010 Sep-Oct:19(5):259-74. doi: 10.1016/j.carpath.2010.02.006.
Donofrio MT, Moon-Grady AJ, Hornberger LK, Copel JA, Sklansky MS, Abuhamad A, Cuneo BF, Huhta JC, Jonas RA, Krishnan A, Lacey S, Lee W, Michelfelder EC Sr, Rempel GR, Silverman NH, Spray TL, Strasburger JF, Tworetzky W, Rychik J, American Heart Association Adults With Congenital Heart Disease Joint Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young and Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing. Diagnosis and treatment of fetal cardiac disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2014 May 27:129(21):2183-242. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000437597.44550.5d.
Finnemore A, Groves A. Physiology of the fetal and transitional circulation. Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine. 2015 Aug:20(4):210-6. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2015.04.003.
Morton SU, Brodsky D. Fetal Physiology and the Transition to Extrauterine Life. Clinics in perinatology. 2016 Sep:43(3):395-407. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2016.04.001.
Mojadidi MK, Ruiz JC, Chertoff J, Zaman MO, Elgendy IY, Mahmoud AN, Al-Ani M, Elgendy AY, Patel NK, Shantha G, Tobis JM, Meier B. Patent Foramen Ovale and Hypoxemia. Cardiology in review. 2019 Jan/Feb:27(1):34-40. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000205.
Foz C, Peyton J, Staffa SJ, Kovatsis P, Park R, DiNardo JA, Nasr VG. Airway Abnormalities in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease: Incidence and Associated Factors. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia. 2021 Jan:35(1):139-144. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.07.086.
Benhaourech S, Drighil A, Hammiri AE. Congenital heart disease and Down syndrome: various aspects of a confirmed association. Cardiovascular journal of Africa. 2016 Sep/Oct:27(5):287-290. doi: 10.5830/CVJA-2016-019.
Li S, Krawczeski CD, Zappitelli M, Devarajan P, Thiessen-Philbrook H, Coca SG, Kim RW, Parikh CR, TRIBE-AKI Consortium. Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of acute kidney injury after pediatric cardiac surgery: a prospective multicenter study. Critical care medicine. 2011 Jun:39(6):1493-9. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31821201d3.
Tumkosit M, Yingyong N, Mahayosnond A, Choo KS, Goo HW. Accuracy of chest radiography for evaluating significantly abnormal pulmonary vascularity in children with congenital heart disease. The international journal of cardiovascular imaging. 2012 Jun:28 Suppl 1():69-75. doi: 10.1007/s10554-012-0073-x.
Godart F, Houeijeh A. [Interventional cardiac catheterization in congenital heart disease]. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983). 2017 May:46(5):497-508. doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2016.11.013.
Finnerty DT, Griffin M. Recent Developments in Cardiology Procedures for Adult Congenital Heart Disease: The Anesthesiologist's Perspective. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia. 2021 Mar:35(3):741-751. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.07.037. Epub 2020 Jul 15
Kojima T, Imamura T, Osada Y, Muraji S, Nakano M, Oyanagi T, Yoshiba S, Kobayashi T, Sumitomo N. Efficacy of catheter interventions in the early and very early postoperative period after CHD operation. Cardiology in the young. 2018 Dec:28(12):1426-1430. doi: 10.1017/S1047951118001452.
Pacileo G, Di Salvo G, Limongelli G, Miele T, Calabrò R. Echocardiography in congenital heart disease: usefulness, limits and new techniques. Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.). 2007 Jan:8(1):17-22
Fogel MA, Anwar S, Broberg C, Browne L, Chung T, Johnson T, Muthurangu V, Taylor M, Valsangiacomo-Buechel E, Wilhelm C. Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance/European Society of Cardiovascular Imaging/American Society of Echocardiography/Society for Pediatric Radiology/North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging Guidelines for the Use of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Pediatric Congenital and Acquired Heart Disease: Endorsed by The American Heart Association. Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging. 2022 Jun:15(6):e014415. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.122.014415.
Sachdeva S, Gupta SK. Imaging Modalities in Congenital Heart Disease. Indian journal of pediatrics. 2020 May:87(5):385-397. doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03209-y.
Kafrouni H, Ojaimi RE. Preoperative Fasting Guidelines in Children: Should They Be Revised? Case reports in anesthesiology. 2018:2018():8278603. doi: 10.1155/2018/8278603.
Datta PK, Aravindan A. Glucose for Children during Surgery: Pros, Cons, and Protocols: A Postgraduate Educational Review. Anesthesia, essays and researches. 2017 Jul-Sep:11(3):539-543. doi: 10.4103/aer.AER_39_17.
Levine MF, Hartley EJ, Macpherson BA, Burrows FA, Lerman J. Oral midazolam premedication for children with congenital cyanotic heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery: a comparative study. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie. 1993 Oct:40(10):934-8
Qiu L, Cao L, Lang Z, Li X, Lin H, Fan T. Preoperative sedation in children with congenital heart disease: 50% and 95% effective doses, hemodynamic effects, and safety of intranasal dexmedetomidine. Journal of clinical anesthesia. 2022 Oct:81():110908. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.110908.
Stewart KG, Rowbottom SJ, Aitken AW, Rajendram S, Sudhaman DA. Oral ketamine premedication for paediatric cardiac surgery--a comparison with intramuscular morphine (both after oral trimeprazine). Anaesthesia and intensive care. 1990 Feb:18(1):11-4
Aiyagari R, Cooper DS, Jacobs JP. Vascular Access in Children With Congenital Heart Defects. Pediatrics. 2020 Jun:145(Suppl 3):S294-S295. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-3474N.
Morettini E, Turchini F, Tofani L, Villa G, Ricci Z, Romagnoli S. Intraoperative core temperature monitoring: accuracy and precision of zero-heat flux heated controlled servo sensor compared with esophageal temperature during major surgery; the ESOSPOT study. Journal of clinical monitoring and computing. 2020 Oct:34(5):1111-1119. doi: 10.1007/s10877-019-00410-z.
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