Clinical Application and Nursing Management of Suction Drains in Postoperative Patient Care
Abstract
Background: Suction drains are a fundamental component of postoperative care across surgical specialties, designed to evacuate fluid collections (e.g., blood, serous fluid, pus) and reduce complications like seroma, hematoma, and infection. They also serve a diagnostic role, providing early warning of hemorrhage or anastomotic leak.
Aim: This review aims to detail the clinical applications, technical considerations, and comprehensive nursing management of suction drains in postoperative patients, emphasizing an evidence-based and interprofessional approach.
Methods: A synthesis of current literature and clinical guidelines is presented, covering the indications, contraindications, and equipment (closed vs. open systems). The technique for drain placement, maintenance (including stripping, emptying, and site care), and monitoring protocols are described. Complications and strategies to enhance team-based outcomes are discussed.
Results: Suction drains are indicated for managing dead space, monitoring anastomoses, and controlling output after extensive dissections or in septic cavities. Closed systems (e.g., Jackson-Pratt) are preferred for sterility and output measurement. Effective management requires meticulous technique for placement, regular monitoring of output character/volume, and diligent site care to prevent infection. Complications include occlusion, infection, displacement, and tissue erosion. Evidence suggests prophylactic drain use is not universally beneficial and should be selective.
Conclusion: While suction drains are valuable surgical adjuncts, their use must be judicious. Optimal outcomes depend on proper selection, correct technique, vigilant interprofessional monitoring, and timely removal to maximize benefits and minimize risks.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Sughra Salman Alherz, Diena Mahboob Alsamti, Majed Ibrahim Mobarki, Rehab Hassan Ahmed Ismail, Ali Ismail Gaisi, Hind Saad Altamimi, Nada Hussein Taher Qaisi, Latifa Mohsen Al-Harbi, Edrees Mohammed Mohammed Awaji, Reem Omar Mohammed Al-Anzi
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