Collaborative Care Strategies for Individuals Living with Addison’s Disease: A Nursing and Social Work Perspective

Abstract

Background: Addison’s Disease (primary adrenal insufficiency) is a rare, chronic endocrine disorder caused by the destruction of the adrenal cortex, leading to deficient cortisol, aldosterone, and androgen production. Its insidious onset and nonspecific symptoms often delay diagnosis, increasing the risk of a life-threatening adrenal crisis. Effective management requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach.

Aim: This article aims to outline the collaborative care strategies for individuals with Addison's Disease from nursing and social work perspectives, focusing on pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostic evaluation, medical management, and patient education to prevent complications and improve long-term outcomes.

Methods: The approach involves a synthesis of clinical knowledge, including rapid biochemical and hormonal evaluation (e.g., ACTH stimulation test, electrolyte panels), and structured nursing and social work interventions. These include vigilant patient monitoring, fluid and electrolyte management, administration of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement therapy, and comprehensive patient and family education.

Results: Successful management stabilizes the patient by correcting volume depletion and electrolyte imbalances, preventing infection, and restoring physiological homeostasis. Key outcomes include the patient’s return to baseline health, adherence to lifelong hormone replacement, and the ability to self-manage their condition, including implementing "stress dosing" during illness to prevent adrenal crises.

Conclusion: The optimal management of Addison's Disease hinges on an integrated, patient-centered model that combines precise medical treatment with robust nursing care and psychosocial support. This collaborative strategy is essential for stabilizing the patient, educating them for self-management, and ultimately preventing adrenal crises, thereby significantly improving quality of life.