Interdisciplinary Management of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection: Integrating Medical Treatment, Nursing Care, and Health Information Systems

Abstract

Background: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a highly contagious pathogen causing two distinct clinical entities: primary infection (chickenpox) and reactivation (herpes zoster). While often self-limiting in healthy children, VZV poses significant risks of severe complications in adults, immunocompromised individuals, and pregnant women, leading to hospitalizations and mortality.

Aim: This article aims to provide a comprehensive, interdisciplinary review of VZV management, integrating perspectives from medical treatment, nursing care, and health information systems to optimize patient outcomes and public health control.

Methods: The approach is a synthesis of current clinical guidelines and literature. It details diagnostic methods (clinical assessment, PCR, serology), medical management (antiviral therapy, symptomatic care), and public health strategies (isolation, vaccination, post-exposure prophylaxis). The role of nursing in patient education and supportive care, alongside the contribution of health information systems to surveillance and coordination, is emphasized.

Results: Effective management hinges on risk stratification. Supportive care suffices for immunocompetent children, whereas early antiviral therapy (e.g., acyclovir) is critical for high-risk groups. Vaccination has dramatically reduced disease incidence and severity. Post-exposure prophylaxis with varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG) or vaccination can prevent or modify disease. Nursing care is vital for symptom relief and preventing complications like bacterial superinfection.

Conclusion: A successful approach to VZV requires a coordinated, interprofessional model. Integrating timely medical intervention, dedicated nursing support, and robust health information systems is essential for reducing transmission, managing complications, and improving individual and population health outcomes.