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Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)

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November 7, 2026
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November 7, 2026

Copyright (c) 2026 Ikhlas Ali Khawaji, Rana Ali AlSuwais, Abrar Sultan Saleh Salem, Hanen Ibrahim Safar, Maram Nasser AlThurwi, Tahani Mohammed Hakami, Suaad Yousef Albattah, Arwa Mubark F. Aldawsari, Sabah Ali A. Harbi, Salhah Ali Ibrahim Saddeg

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Acute Pancreatitis: An Integrated Approach to Laboratory Diagnosis and Nursing Management-An Updated Review

https://doi.org/10.64483/202631814
Ikhlas Ali Khawaji
Medical Cities Program, Riyadh, Ministry of Interior, Saudi Arabia
Rana Ali AlSuwais
Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Ministry of Education, Saudi Arabia
Abrar Sultan Saleh Salem
RCC, Jazan, Ministry of health, Saudi Arabia
Hanen Ibrahim Safar
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Maram Nasser AlThurwi
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Tahani Mohammed Hakami
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Suaad Yousef Albattah
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Arwa Mubark F. Aldawsari
Al Imam Abdulrahman Al Faisal Hospital (IAFH), Saudi Arabia
Sabah Ali A. Harbi
Jazan Health Cluster, Ministry of health, Saudi Arabia
Salhah Ali Ibrahim Saddeg
Primary Health Care Center, Al Baidh, Ministry of health, Saudi Arabia

Corresponding Author(s) : Ikhlas Ali Khawaji

iklas767@gmail.com

Saudi Journal of Medicine and Public Health, Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)

Abstract

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder with a variable course, ranging from a self-limited episode to severe disease associated with organ failure, local complications, and death. Early recognition and effective management are essential to improve outcomes and reduce long-term pancreatic damage.


Aim: This review aims to summarize the diagnosis, causes, clinical course, inpatient management, complications, and strategies for preventing recurrent AP.


Methods: This narrative review addresses the main aspects of AP, including diagnostic criteria, etiological assessment, severity classification, supportive treatment, and cause-specific interventions. It also discusses pancreatic necrosis, acute compartment syndrome, endocrine and exocrine dysfunction, and recurrent disease.


Results: Diagnosis is based on at least two of three features: characteristic abdominal pain, serum amylase or lipase levels at least three times the upper limit of normal, and characteristic imaging findings. Gallstones and alcohol are major causes, while hypertriglyceridemia, medications, procedures, and less common conditions also contribute. Management primarily involves monitoring, intravenous fluid resuscitation, analgesia, and early oral or enteral nutrition. Severe disease may require multidisciplinary care and a minimally invasive step-up approach for infected necrosis. Long-term complications include diabetes mellitus and pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Recurrence prevention depends on addressing the underlying cause through alcohol abstinence, smoking cessation, cholecystectomy, triglyceride control, medication review, and treatment of specific disorders.


Conclusion: Accurate diagnosis, severity-based supportive care, timely management of complications, and targeted prevention are central to reducing morbidity and preventing progression to chronic pancreatitis, while supporting long-term follow-up and patient education.

Keywords

Acute pancreatitis; diagnosis; management; pancreatic necrosis; complications; recurrence prevention.
Khawaji, I. A., AlSuwais, R. A., Salem, A. S. S., Safar, H. I., AlThurwi, M. N., Hakami, T. M., … Saddeg, S. A. I. (2026). Acute Pancreatitis: An Integrated Approach to Laboratory Diagnosis and Nursing Management-An Updated Review. Saudi Journal of Medicine and Public Health, 3(1), 253–265. https://doi.org/10.64483/202631814
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