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Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)

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October 23, 2026
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October 24, 2026

Copyright (c) 2026 Abeer Faiz Alanzi, Hanan Shaybub Jarallah Alfaleh, Ibrahim Abdulaziz Al-Humam, Munirah Qaryan Ghabn Alruwaili, Esam Rezgullah Omar Megdad, Ali Ahmed Mohammed Matari, Arwa Abdullah Bin Khalifah, Fahad Hameed Alanazi

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Nursing Care, Pharmaceutical Management, Radiological Assessment, and Emergency Care

https://doi.org/10.64483/202631811
Abeer Faiz Alanzi
King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Ministry of Education, Saudi Arabia
Hanan Shaybub Jarallah Alfaleh
King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Ministry of Education, Saudi Arabia
Ibrahim Abdulaziz Al-Humam
Al Hasa Health Cluster, Hofuf, Ministry of health, Saudi Arabia
Munirah Qaryan Ghabn Alruwaili
Suwayr General Hospital, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Ministry of health, Saudi Arabia
Esam Rezgullah Omar Megdad
Iradah Mental Health Hospital, Jazan, Ministry of health, Saudi Arabia
Ali Ahmed Mohammed Matari
Abha, General Directorate of Prison Health, Ministry of Interior, Saudi Arabia
Arwa Abdullah Bin Khalifah
King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Ministry of Education, Saudi Arabia
Fahad Hameed Alanazi
Al Malaz Prison Health Center, Riyadh, Ministry of Interior, Saudi Arabia

Corresponding Author(s) : Abeer Faiz Alanzi

mmkzo5833@gmail.com

Saudi Journal of Medicine and Public Health, Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)

Abstract

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder of gut–brain interaction characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and altered bowel habits, including constipation, diarrhea, or both. Its multifactorial pathophysiology and substantial impact on quality of life necessitate individualized, multidisciplinary management involving dietary modification, pharmacological treatment, and psychological interventions.


Aim: This review aims to summarize current evidence regarding the diagnosis and management of IBS, emphasizing dietary and lifestyle interventions, probiotics, symptom-directed pharmacotherapy, and brain–gut behavioral therapies.


Methods: A narrative review approach was used to synthesize the provided literature concerning the diagnosis, investigation, and treatment of IBS. Evidence from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies was considered across major therapeutic approaches and IBS subtypes.


Results: IBS diagnosis relies primarily on symptom-based criteria, supported by targeted investigations to exclude relevant organic disorders. Traditional dietary advice is recommended as first-line management, while a low-fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet may benefit patients with persistent symptoms under specialist dietitian supervision. Evidence supporting probiotics remains uncertain. Treatment should be tailored to predominant symptoms: laxatives are appropriate first-line options for constipation-predominant IBS, whereas secretagogues may benefit patients with inadequate responses. Antidiarrheals, 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonists, and rifaximin provide options for diarrhea-predominant symptoms. Antispasmodics, peppermint oil, and low-dose tricyclic antidepressants may alleviate abdominal pain. Cognitive behavioral therapy and gut-directed hypnotherapy can improve persistent symptoms and quality of life.


Conclusion: Effective IBS management requires an individualized, multidisciplinary approach combining appropriate lifestyle measures, symptom-directed medications, and behavioral interventions according to treatment response and patient preferences.

Keywords

Irritable bowel syndrome; diagnosis; dietary modification; pharmacotherapy; probiotics; abdominal pain; constipation; diarrhea; cognitive behavioral therapy; gut–brain interaction.
Alanzi, A. F., Alfaleh, H. S. J., Al-Humam, I. A., Alruwaili, M. Q. G., Megdad, E. R. O., Matari, A. A. M., … Alanazi, F. H. (2026). Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Nursing Care, Pharmaceutical Management, Radiological Assessment, and Emergency Care. Saudi Journal of Medicine and Public Health, 3(1), 217–231. https://doi.org/10.64483/202631811
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