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Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)

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February 14, 2026
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December 31, 2025

Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmed Mohammed Ali Khairi, Ali Gerardi, Ahmad Al Jaafari, Duaa Thiyabi Yahya Hakami, Bayan Abdullah Alahmadi, Talal Saud Hulayyil Alanazi, Nasser Abdulsalam Nasser Alyemni, Abdulaziz Mansour Saad Algrni, Bader Gabreel Jaber Abdali, Gazala Musa Ali Mahmoud, Faisal Ali Ali mujarrbi, Abdullah Ali Mubarak Alsharidah

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Multidisciplinary Approaches to Hospital Preparedness and Management of Infectious Disease Outbreaks in Saudi Arabia-Hepatitis as an Example

https://doi.org/10.64483/202522647
Ahmed Mohammed Ali Khairi
Jazan Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
Ali Gerardi, Ahmad Al Jaafari
Hussaini Primary Care Center, Western Sector,Ministry Of Health, Saudi Arabia
Duaa Thiyabi Yahya Hakami
Jazan General Hospital- Jazan Health Cluster,Ministry Of Health, Saudi Arabia
Bayan Abdullah Alahmadi
Al-Salam Endowment Hospital,Ministry Of Health, Saudi Arabia
Talal Saud Hulayyil Alanazi
Jadidah Arar Hospital / Arar City,Ministry Of Health, Saudi Arabia
Nasser Abdulsalam Nasser Alyemni
King Khalid Hospital Alkharj,Ministry Of Health, Saudi Arabia
Abdulaziz Mansour Saad Algrni
Quality Management And Institutional Excellence Of Tabuk Health Cluster,Ministry Of Health, Saudi Arabia
Bader Gabreel Jaber Abdali
King Fahd Central Hospital In Jazan,Ministry Of Health, Saudi Arabia
Gazala Musa Ali Mahmoud
Damad Hospital/Jazan,Ministry Of Health, Saudi Arabia
Faisal Ali Ali mujarrbi
Rejal Alma general hospital,Ministry Of Health, Saudi Arabia
Abdullah Ali Mubarak Alsharidah
Wadi Al-Dawasir General Hospital, Riyadh Region,Ministry Of Health, Saudi Arabia

Corresponding Author(s) : Ahmed Mohammed Ali Khairi

Akhairi@Moh.Gov.Sa

Saudi Journal of Medicine and Public Health, Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)

Abstract

Background: Viral hepatitis remains a major public health concern in Saudi Arabia, with varying epidemiology across hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite substantial progress achieved through nationwide vaccination, improved sanitation, surveillance, and treatment programs, challenges persist due to demographic shifts, behavioral risk factors, co infections, and disparities in healthcare access.


Aim: This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the epidemiology, risk factors, prevention strategies, and management of viral hepatitis in Saudi Arabia, while highlighting the multidisciplinary roles essential to preparedness and outbreak control. In the same way, this review aims to evaluate the main role of physician, epidemiologists, internal specialists, nutritionists, health security professionals, medical information technologists, medical secretaries, medical managers, and physiotherapists in the management of hepatitis during outbreaks.


Methods: A narrative review approach was utilized, analyzing national surveillance reports, seroprevalence studies, Ministry of Health publications, and published regional data addressing HAV–HEV distribution, determinants, and clinical management strategies across healthcare sectors in Saudi Arabia.


Results: Findings demonstrate significant declines in HBV prevalence due to universal infant vaccination, fluctuating HAV and HEV incidence influenced by sanitation and seasonal patterns and marked reductions in HCV linked to the National Hepatitis Program and direct acting antivirals. HDV remains underdiagnosed but clinically significant among HBV carriers. Risk factors include socioeconomic disparities, inadequate sanitation, unsafe medical practices, intravenous drug use, and limited adult vaccination uptake. Management strategies vary by viral type, with strong national programs supporting HBV and HCV control, though HDV and HEV treatment access remain limited.


Conclusion: Saudi Arabia has achieved substantial progress in hepatitis control through vaccination, surveillance, and treatment programs. However, persistent gaps—particularly in stigma reduction, adult vaccination, HDV surveillance, and access disparities—require strengthened integrated strategies and multidisciplinary collaboration.

Keywords

Viral hepatitis, Saudi Arabia, epidemiology, vaccination, surveillance, HBV, HCV, HAV, HDV, HEV, public health.
Khairi, A. M. A., Ali Gerardi, Ahmad Al Jaafari, Duaa Thiyabi Yahya Hakami, Bayan Abdullah Alahmadi, Talal Saud Hulayyil Alanazi, Nasser Abdulsalam Nasser Alyemni, … Abdullah Ali Mubarak Alsharidah. (2025). Multidisciplinary Approaches to Hospital Preparedness and Management of Infectious Disease Outbreaks in Saudi Arabia-Hepatitis as an Example. Saudi Journal of Medicine and Public Health, 2(2), 3466–3477. https://doi.org/10.64483/202522647
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