Multidisciplinary Approaches to Breast Cancer: An Updated Review for Healthcare Providers.
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer persists as the most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Its development is multifactorial, involving genetic, hormonal, and environmental risk factors. Significant global disparities in incidence and mortality exist, influenced by access to screening and advanced treatments.
Aim: This article provides a comprehensive, updated review of multidisciplinary approaches to breast cancer for healthcare providers. It aims to synthesize current evidence on etiology, diagnosis, staging, and the integrated management strategies that define modern oncology care.
Methods: The review synthesizes established clinical guidelines and current evidence across specialties. It details the diagnostic "triple assessment" (clinical exam, imaging, biopsy), the critical role of molecular subtyping (Luminal A/B, HER2-enriched, Basal-like), and the TNM staging system. Management strategies are explored through the lens of a multidisciplinary team, encompassing surgical, radiation, and medical oncology.
Results: Treatment is highly individualized based on stage and biology. Early-stage disease is managed with curative intent using breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy, often combined with adjuvant radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine, or targeted therapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly used for locally advanced and aggressive subtypes to downstage tumors. For metastatic disease, treatment focuses on prolonging survival and quality of life with systemic therapy. The integration of targeted agents (e.g., anti-HER2, CDK4/6 inhibitors) and immunotherapy has significantly improved outcomes.
Conclusion: A multidisciplinary, personalized approach is paramount for optimizing breast cancer care, improving survival, and managing treatment-related complications.
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