Integrated Medical and Nursing Perspectives in the Emergency Management of Venous Gas Embolism: A Multidisciplinary Clinical Approach
Abstract
Background: Venous Gas Embolism (VGE) is a critical condition characterized by the entrainment of gas into the venous system, often due to iatrogenic causes like central venous catheterization and neurosurgery. It can lead to right ventricular outflow obstruction, cardiovascular collapse, and, via paradoxical embolism, systemic end-organ ischemia.
Aim: This article aims to synthesize an integrated, multidisciplinary approach to the emergency management of VGE, emphasizing the collaborative roles of medicine and nursing in rapid diagnosis, stabilization, and treatment to improve patient outcomes.
Methods: The review examines the pathophysiology, etiology, and clinical presentation of VGE. It evaluates diagnostic modalities, including continuous capnography and echocardiography, and details a structured management protocol involving immediate source control, patient repositioning, hemodynamic support, and aspiration of intracardiac air.
Results: VGE presents with a spectrum of symptoms, from subtle changes in end-tidal CO₂ to fulminant cardiovascular collapse. Key interventions—administering 100% oxygen, placing the patient in the left lateral decubitus position, and aspirating air via a central venous catheter—are time-critical. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a crucial adjunct for severe cases, particularly those with neurological involvement.
Conclusion: Successful management of VGE hinges on a high index of suspicion and immediate, coordinated action by a multidisciplinary team. A protocolized response that integrates medical and nursing expertise is essential to mitigate this life-threatening emergency's high morbidity and mortality.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Mutual Mohamad Khalaf Alrougy, Monif Dhaher Thani Almutrafi, Abdullah Amer B Aldosari, Mona Abolghith Umar Qdaimi, Sarah Mubarak M Aldawsari, Salha Mohammed Al-Thrwy, Fahad Bandar Almutairi, Azzah Atitallah Ali Alzahrani, Sahar Saad Saed Alshahrani, Guzail Masfer Alotibi, Afaf Hassan Alnami, Khalid Nasser Aldhahran
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