Anesthesia Machines in Nursing Practice: Equipment Safety, Perioperative Monitoring, and Clinical Competency

Abstract

Background: Modern anesthesia machines have evolved into integrated workstations that deliver inhaled anesthetics, oxygenation, and ventilation while incorporating advanced safety mechanisms. Their complexity demands thorough understanding by anesthesiologists and perioperative teams to prevent adverse events.

Aim: This article aims to review the functional design, gas flow dynamics, critical components, safety systems, and interprofessional practices essential for safe anesthesia machine operation.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review and synthesis of engineering principles, clinical guidelines, and perioperative safety standards were conducted. Key topics include pressure systems, circle breathing circuits, vaporizer technology, CO₂ absorption, and occupational hazard mitigation.

Results: Modern anesthesia machines integrate high-, intermediate-, and low-pressure systems to regulate gas delivery and maintain patient safety. Circle systems enable low-flow anesthesia, reducing environmental pollution and cost, but increase vulnerability to leaks. Critical components—vaporizers, APL valve, oxygen flush, and CO₂ absorbent—require vigilant monitoring. Safety mechanisms such as PISS, DISS, flowmeter sequencing, scavenging systems, and hypoxia prevention strategies reduce catastrophic risks. Interprofessional interventions, including backup ventilation readiness, leak surveillance, and structured communication, significantly enhance patient and staff safety.

Conclusion: Safe anesthesia delivery depends on mastery of machine mechanics, adherence to pre-use checks, and collaborative vigilance. Despite automation, human factors remain the leading cause of critical incidents, underscoring the need for continuous education and teamwork.