Histopathology and Cytology Laboratory: The Cornerstone of Accurate Diagnosis in Modern Medical Practice
Abstract
Background: Histopathology and cytology are pivotal diagnostic disciplines that utilize microscopic analysis of tissues and cells to detect diseases, including cancers and inflammatory conditions. Aim: This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the techniques, processes, and quality control measures employed in histopathology and cytology laboratories. Methods: A detailed review of histopathological and cytological procedures, including specimen preparation, fixation, processing, processing embedding, sectioning, staining, and quality assurance protocols, was conducted based on established guidelines and literature. Results: The study outlines key techniques such as routine histopathology, frozen section analysis, immunohistochemistry, special staining, and cytology, emphasizing their role in accurate diagnosis. Fixation with 10% neutral buffered formalin, tissue processing with automated systems, and precise sectioning (3–5 μm) ensure high-quality slides. Quality control measures, including proper labeling and standardized protocols, minimize errors. Conclusion: Histopathology and cytology laboratories are essential for precise disease diagnosis, leveraging advanced techniques and rigorous quality control to enhance patient outcomes.
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Authors
Copyright (c) 2025 Amnah Ahmed omer Al-Khateeb, Shamaa Qassem Asseri, Noha khalid Nooh, Ala Hleel Alharbi, Suzan Shafeeq Alkhateeb, Jehan Abdulmajeed Alwahidi, Raneem Rashad Ashour, Kolod Abdulaziz Bokari, Khaled Ibrahim Alghamdi, Hatim Abdullah Alshahri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.