The Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) Laboratory Readiness for Emerging Pathogens: A Review Study
Abstract
Background: Emerging pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 and drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis are international health concerns because of their high virulence, transmissibility, and aerosol-transmissibility. Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) laboratories provide necessary containment for the study of these Risk Group 3 (RG3) agents while balancing research needs with stringent safety precautions. Aim: This review evaluates BSL-3 laboratory preparedness for new pathogens in infrastructure, operational practices, training, and challenges to inform future outbreak responses. Methods: There was a systematic review of the literature, complemented by global guidelines from the CDC and WHO. Incident analyses and case studies provide valuable lessons. Results: Negative pressure, HEPA filtration, and rigorous training are required for BSL-3 labs to deal with pathogens like the Nipah virus and Francisella tularensis. Challenges include higher costs, disruption of the supply chain in LMICs, and risk of laboratory-acquired infection. AI surveillance and modular laboratory design help with better preparedness. Conclusion: BSL-3 laboratories have a pivotal role in diagnosis, vaccine development, and control of outbreaks, necessitating global investment in facilities and training to address new threats.
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References
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Authors
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohammed Ahmed Bawshkhah, Mohammad Yousef Issa Alshabi, Yazeed Saad Alharthi, Tariq Abdullah AlShamrani, Mohammed labiad Almaliki, Manar Abdulaziz Almazroua, Haifa Ayedh Alzayedi, Mohammed Mansour Ahmed Hazzazi, Mohammed Hasan Alhazemi, Manal Abdulaziz AlManshi
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