Integrated Pharmacy, Nursing, and Physical Therapy Approaches to the Management of Vertebral Compression Fractures
Abstract
Background: Vertebral Compression Fractures (VCFs) are the most common osteoporotic fracture, posing a significant clinical and public health burden, especially in aging populations. They result from compromised vertebral bodies failing under load, leading to pain, kyphotic deformity, functional decline, and an increased risk of subsequent fractures.
Aim: This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the integrated management of VCFs. It synthesizes information on the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and evidence-based treatment strategies, emphasizing a multidisciplinary approach involving pharmacy, nursing, and physical therapy.
Methods: The study is a detailed narrative review. It consolidates current evidence and clinical guidelines on VCF management, covering classification systems (e.g., AO Spine, Osteoporotic Fracture classification), diagnostic imaging (X-ray, CT, MRI), and a spectrum of management options from conservative care to surgical intervention.
Results: The review finds that effective VCF management is multifaceted. Conservative management, including analgesia, bracing, and physical therapy, is first-line for stable fractures. For unstable or painful fractures refractory to conservative care, vertebral augmentation procedures (vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty) or surgical stabilization are effective. The prognosis is highly variable and depends on fracture morphology, underlying etiology (osteoporosis, trauma, malignancy), and patient comorbidities. A successful outcome hinges on an interprofessional team to optimize bone health, manage pain, restore function, and prevent complications.
Conclusion: A patient-centered, interprofessional approach is fundamental to managing VCFs, integrating medical, rehabilitative, and surgical strategies to improve outcomes and quality of life.
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Authors
Copyright (c) 2025 Nawaf Hamoud Hamad Alharbi, Muhana Abdulkareem Alanazi, Zamzam Ali Sahli, Tagreed Mohammd Ayoub , Ola Turki Alanazi, Salman Salem Alharbi, Sattam Abdullah Basheer ALharbi, Ayyad Alhumaidi Ayyad Alharbi, Mutluq Rahim Mutluq Alhafi , Omar Marzouq Aloufi, Salman Ratyan ALhazmi
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