Nutritional Psychiatry: Dietary Interventions for Mood Disorders
Abstract
Background: The global prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders is rising, exacerbated by modern lifestyles and diets high in processed foods. This has stimulated the emergence of nutritional psychiatry, a field investigating the link between diet and mental health. Concurrently, limitations in traditional psychiatric treatments highlight the need for complementary, modifiable lifestyle interventions.
Aim: This narrative review aims to synthesize current evidence on the role of dietary patterns and specific nutrients in the prevention and management of psychiatric disorders, to provide guidance for psychoprophylaxis and dietary intervention.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed for English-language articles published after 2005. From 3,473 identified records, 110 high-quality sources were selected based on predefined criteria, including peer-reviewed journals with an impact factor.
Results: The review establishes that pro-inflammatory, Western-style diets are associated with an increased risk of depression and anxiety. In contrast, whole-food dietary patterns like the Mediterranean and MIND diets demonstrate protective effects. Specific nutrients—including omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, vitamin D, zinc, and probiotics (psychobiotics)—show promise in modulating key pathways like inflammation, oxidative stress, and the gut-brain axis. However, trials on single-nutrient supplementation for depression prevention have largely yielded null results, underscoring the superiority of holistic dietary changes.
Conclusion: Diet is a critical, modifiable factor in mental health. Integrating nutritional counseling and evidence-based dietary patterns into standard psychiatric care offers a powerful, complementary strategy for improving mental well-being and preventing disorders.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Jubran Hassan Alqahtani, Reem Mohammed Alyagoob, Norah Abdulaziz Alrasheed, Turki Muslat Almighiri, Khalid Mahdi Refaei, Abdullah Omar Alshuqair, Fahad Hatim Alotaibi, Rashed Mutlaq Alhabradi., Nawaf Mohammed Aldughaishem , Ali Mohmmed Alqahtani, Samar Mohammed Alageel, Latifah Razqan Almutairi, Meshary Saleh Algharib, Haya Saad Naser Albeshi, Nada Mohammednasuh Alsamhan
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