The Role of Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Review of Evidence and Protocols
Abstract
Background: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), a second-generation autologous platelet concentrate, has become an important tool in oral and maxillofacial surgery because of its regenerative capability to support angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and healing without the need for anticoagulants. Its applications vary from alveolar ridge preservation to third molar removal, sinus augmentation, and periodontal regeneration. Aim: This overview integrates PRF preparation procedures and examines clinical data to establish efficacy, identify standardization deficits, and propose directions for future research. Methods: A Systematic literature search was conducted from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus (2001-2025). Included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, and systematic reviews in English, which reported on PRF protocols (L-PRF, A-PRF, i-PRF, T-PRF) and outcomes in oral surgery. Data was extracted on preparation parameters, clinical indications, and effect sizes. Results: PRF significantly reduces bone loss (1.5 mm vertical, p<0.001) in socket preservation, alveolar osteitis (70%, p<0.001) in extractions, and enhances periodontal regeneration (CAL gain 2.5 mm, p<0.001). Protocol variations (e.g., 2,700 rpm for L-PRF vs. 700 rpm for i-PRF) influence outcomes, yet heterogeneity precludes meaningful comparisons. Conclusions: PRF is inexpensive and multi-faceted but requires standardization by AR2T3 and large RCTs to fully realize its potential for regeneration.
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References
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Copyright (c) 2024 Sakhar Mohammad Alghofaily, Yasser Ghallab Alharbi, Abdullah Awadh Alharbi, Sulaiman Helal Alduhayan, Mohammed Fahad Alharbi
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