Acute stroke in adult inpatients: An Updated Review for Radiologists, Pharmacists, and Nursing
Abstract
Background: Acute stroke is a leading global cause of death and long-term disability, representing a critical medical emergency where "time is brain." It is primarily classified into ischemic stroke, caused by arterial occlusion, and hemorrhagic stroke, which includes intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Each subtype has distinct pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, and management requirements, placing a premium on rapid diagnosis and intervention.
Aim: This updated review aims to synthesize current knowledge on acute stroke for a multidisciplinary audience of radiologists, pharmacists, and nursing staff, emphasizing their collaborative roles in the timely evaluation, treatment, and management of adult inpatients.
Methods: The article is a comprehensive narrative review of stroke etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and evidence-based management strategies, referencing established guidelines from bodies like the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.
Results: Key findings highlight the effectiveness of rapid neuroimaging (CT, CTA, MRI) for diagnosis and treatment selection. For ischemic stroke, intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy are cornerstone reperfusion therapies. Management of ICH focuses on blood pressure control and reversal of coagulopathy, while SAH care centers on securing aneurysms and preventing complications like vasospasm. The review underscores that structured, protocol-driven care involving an interprofessional team significantly improves patient outcomes.
Conclusion: Optimal acute stroke care is multidisciplinary and time-sensitive. Collaboration between radiologists, pharmacists, and nursing specialists across the care continuum—from emergency intervention to rehabilitation and secondary prevention—is essential to reduce mortality, minimize disability, and improve long-term functional recovery.
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References
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Copyright (c) 2024 Ibrahim Hamad Abdulaziz Alabdullah, Suliman Alothman Alothman, Sami Nasser Alotaibi, Abdulmajeed Alothman, Saad Nasser Saad Alotaibi, Ibrahim Abdullah Bin Sallum, Abdullah Abdulrahman Saleh Alghannam, Basil Ibrahim Jamaan Alghamdi, Rayed Obeed H. Almoutari, Areej Ali Othman Ajeebi
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